{"id":8608,"date":"2022-05-13T01:14:48","date_gmt":"2022-05-13T01:14:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ecm.eng.auburn.edu\/wp\/emag\/?p=8608"},"modified":"2023-08-30T19:37:26","modified_gmt":"2023-08-30T19:37:26","slug":"mr-twister","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ecm.eng.auburn.edu\/wp\/emag\/?p=8608","title":{"rendered":"Mr. Twister"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_8630\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8630\" style=\"width: 1204px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-8630\" src=\"http:\/\/ecm.eng.auburn.edu\/wp\/emag\/files\/2022\/05\/img_2308-2400x1800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1204\" height=\"903\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ecm.eng.auburn.edu\/wp\/emag\/files\/2022\/05\/img_2308-2400x1800.jpg 2400w, https:\/\/ecm.eng.auburn.edu\/wp\/emag\/files\/2022\/05\/img_2308-1600x1200.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/ecm.eng.auburn.edu\/wp\/emag\/files\/2022\/05\/img_2308-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ecm.eng.auburn.edu\/wp\/emag\/files\/2022\/05\/img_2308-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/ecm.eng.auburn.edu\/wp\/emag\/files\/2022\/05\/img_2308-2048x1536.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1204px) 100vw, 1204px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8630\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Roueche (center) poses with Jordan Nakayama (right), one of his doctoral students, during a reconnaissance research trip to Princeton, Kentucky following the Quad-State tornado in December 2021. On the left is Mohammad Alam, a fellow researcher with the NSF\u2019s StEER (Structural Extreme Events Reconnaissance) Network.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><\/h3>\n<h3 class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">\u201cTwister\u201d came out in 1996. <\/span><span class=\"s1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/eng.auburn.edu\/directory\/dbr0011\">David Roueche<\/a> may be the only assistant professor of structural engineering specializing in extreme wind loads on low-rise buildings, post-tornado disaster field investigations, performance-based wind engineering and wind resistance of light wood-frame structures in the world who still hasn\u2019t seen it. <\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">He tries to keep quiet about it. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">The movie is a kind of a cult classic among his colleagues, inspiring a generation of meteorologists and storm chasers and weather nerds and such. So, when it comes up he\u2019ll just smile and nod along. When it comes on TBS and the scientists and engineers he interacts with on Twitter have their online watch parties and start sharing memes with the cow flying through the air, he\u2019ll click the heart button. Whenever they share little clips, he\u2019ll sometimes hit play. It\u2019s been plenty enough for him to get the gist over the years \u2014 enough for him to start nodding before you even finish asking if the real science in the script parallels the research he\u2019ll begin late this summer, at least in terms of an ultimate goal. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">\u201cYes, basically,\u201d he said. \u201cWith both, you\u2019re trying to understand the behavior of tornadoes. You\u2019re trying to accurately determine a tornado\u2019s wind speed rather than just estimate it from the damage it\u2019s caused.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Twister Explaining Dorothy scene\" width=\"700\" height=\"394\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/G0u5-HzXFVg?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">Bill Paxton and Helen Hunt did it with a big bucket of spherical sensors \u2014 Dorothy, they called it. If you got Dorothy in just the right spot, the idea was that a tornado would suck the sensors into its funnel and transmit in 30 seconds more statistical insight into what makes twisters tick than weather scientists had acquired in 30 years. It was based on an actual instrument that National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and National Severe Storms Laboratory researchers developed in the 1980s, the TOtable Tornado Observatory (TOTO).<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">TOTO didn\u2019t work. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">Roueche thinks his new approach just might.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8627\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8627\" style=\"width: 1085px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-8627\" src=\"http:\/\/ecm.eng.auburn.edu\/wp\/emag\/files\/2022\/05\/debris_tracking_still.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1085\" height=\"1027\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ecm.eng.auburn.edu\/wp\/emag\/files\/2022\/05\/debris_tracking_still.png 877w, https:\/\/ecm.eng.auburn.edu\/wp\/emag\/files\/2022\/05\/debris_tracking_still-768x727.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1085px) 100vw, 1085px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8627\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A still from a cell phone video of a 2019 tornado in Toronto, Canada shows an early version of the debris tracking technology Roueche and research partner Frank Lombardo will employ for their NSF-funded project &#8220;4-D Wind Field Reconstruction of Near Surface Wind Environment and Other Convective Storms.&#8221;<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3 class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>Digitizing Debris<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">He\u2019s already an expert in analyzing the aftermath; where there\u2019s rubble, there\u2019s Roueche \u2014 taking photos, taking measurements, taking stock. What could have kept that wall from crumbling? What could have kept that manufactured home on the ground? Why was this 10-year-old site-built home torn apart while the 20-year-old home next to it only lost a few shingles? Which building codes were violated? Which foundations did what they were supposed to do? Combined with an active social media presence, his rapid, boots-on-the-ground approach to research \u2014 mounting a 360-degree camera system to his car and immediately deploying to disaster areas \u2014 has turned the field work aficionado into a go-to source for outlets like the Washington Post and NPR looking to shine a spotlight on headline-making southern storms. He was tapped to be associate director of data resources for the National Science Foundation\u2019s (NSF) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.steer.network\/\">Structural Extreme Events Reconnaissance Network<\/a> (StEER) for a reason. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">In 2020, he received a $573,297 NSF Early Career award to develop better methodologies for utilizing post-windstorm reconnaissance in enhancing resilience. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">But, apparently, the aftermath \u2014 the \u201cpost\u201d part of \u201cpost-windstorm\u201d \u2014 can only tell us so much. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">As it turns out, in terms of wind speed, those Fujita scale ratings you hear about \u2014 EF3 and EF4 \u2014 are, technically, just guess work, Roueche said, based mostly on damage assessment that also leaves plenty of other crucial questions unanswered. Were the winds straight line? Were they horizontal? Were there vertical components? Were there updrafts? <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">\u201cA lot of people don\u2019t realize that we really don\u2019t know a lot of what characterizes wind speeds in tornadoes, at least near-surface where our buildings are,\u201d Roueche said. \u201cWe have instrumentation on towers, we have anemometers set up at airports and in different locations, but tornadoes rarely pass directly over them, and when they do they typically damage the instrumentation. So, we don\u2019t have a way of reliably measuring wind speeds in tornadoes.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">Yet.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">It\u2019s kind of a simple idea, one that Roueche thinks should be able to happen easily enough in 2022. The technology is there. Social media is there. Now the funding is there. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">In October 2021, the NSF awarded Roueche and research partners <a href=\"https:\/\/cee.illinois.edu\/directory\/profile\/lombaf\">Franklin T. Lombardo<\/a>, a structural engineering professor at University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, and Mani Golparvar, an associate civil engineering professor specializing in computer science and technology entrepreneurship also at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, nearly $400,000 toward the 4D Wind Field Reconstruction of Near Surface Wind Environment and Other Convective Storms project.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8611\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8611\" style=\"width: 1340px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\" wp-image-8611\" src=\"http:\/\/ecm.eng.auburn.edu\/wp\/emag\/files\/2022\/05\/wall-of-wind.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1340\" height=\"893\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ecm.eng.auburn.edu\/wp\/emag\/files\/2022\/05\/wall-of-wind.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/ecm.eng.auburn.edu\/wp\/emag\/files\/2022\/05\/wall-of-wind-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ecm.eng.auburn.edu\/wp\/emag\/files\/2022\/05\/wall-of-wind-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/ecm.eng.auburn.edu\/wp\/emag\/files\/2022\/05\/wall-of-wind-75x50.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1340px) 100vw, 1340px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8611\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Wall of Wind at Florida International University<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">That should be enough to pay for the time in Florida International University\u2019s Wall of Wind, to pay for all the Ring doorbells and GoPros and iPhones and security cameras they\u2019ll set up to record what happens to the nails and 2x4s and windows and rocks and dishes and staplers and Teddy bears and photo albums (and any other real-world debris they can find) when they turn the knobs of the largest and most powerful university wind research facility of its kind up to 100 and 130 and 150 miles per hour.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">The goal? AI for tornado research; instead of facial recognition, wind-speed recognition. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">Build an algorithm. Train it with gigabytes of video recorded under known conditions. Develop a debris pattern database that computer vision can compare to crowd-sourced footage of tornadoes. Mix in the latest, state-of-the-art debris-flight models. Save lives.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">\u201cOur buildings are not as strong as they should be and they\u2019re failing much sooner than they should,\u201d Roueche said, \u201cand one reason is that there\u2019s just a dearth of actual measurements of what happens inside a tornado.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">What there isn\u2019t, though, is a dearth of footage of what happens in and around tornadoes. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">\u201cThere\u2019s now a wealth of sources that capture tornadoes,\u201d Roueche said. \u201cThere are cameras everywhere. So, the basic idea of the project is to use the footage we record to build a way to parse all of the tornado video we can source in order to extract useful information from it that can help us design safer buildings.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8631\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8631\" style=\"width: 2048px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-8631 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/ecm.eng.auburn.edu\/wp\/emag\/files\/2022\/05\/Tuscaloosa_tornado_damage_27_April_2011.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1536\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ecm.eng.auburn.edu\/wp\/emag\/files\/2022\/05\/Tuscaloosa_tornado_damage_27_April_2011.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/ecm.eng.auburn.edu\/wp\/emag\/files\/2022\/05\/Tuscaloosa_tornado_damage_27_April_2011-1600x1200.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/ecm.eng.auburn.edu\/wp\/emag\/files\/2022\/05\/Tuscaloosa_tornado_damage_27_April_2011-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ecm.eng.auburn.edu\/wp\/emag\/files\/2022\/05\/Tuscaloosa_tornado_damage_27_April_2011-1536x1152.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8631\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tuscaloosa \u2014 April 27, 2011.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3 class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>Life-Changing<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">David Roueche did not grow up in a safe building, structurally speaking. His family lived in a manufactured home in Jacksonville, Florida. They had to stay on their toes come hurricane season. Do they drive to Grandmama\u2019s brick house further inland? Shelter in a church? Stay put? <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">But extreme wind events actually have a habit of skipping Jacksonville. Hurricanes typically bounce off Florida\u2019s northeast coast. Tornadoes are few and far between.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">\u201cI was first exposed to what tornadoes can really do when I went to Tuscaloosa,\u201d Roueche said.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">It was 2011, the day after he received his civil engineering degree from the University of Florida. His professor, David Prevatt, a well-known researcher in structural resilience, encouraged him to join his team on a trip. Days earlier, on April 27, an EF4 tornado \u2014 that at one point was 1.5 miles wide \u2014 leveled portions of Tuscaloosa. Prevatt\u2019s team planned to drive the 15 hours to assess the damage. Roueche said yes. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">It changed his life. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">\u201cI still vividly remember those images,\u201d Roueche said. \u201cThat\u2019s what really ignited my passion to pursue this avenue of structural engineering, which, of course, Auburn has been perfect for, not only in the terms of the resources we have here, especially now with the new Advanced Structural Engineering Lab, but, geographically, we\u2019re strategically positioned kind of in the heart of what they call Dixie\u2019s tornado alley.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">Alabama is a tied with Oklahoma, which has 17,480 more square miles, for the state with the most confirmed EF5 tornadoes. It frequently leads the nation in annual tornado fatalities.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">In 2019, it wasn\u2019t close.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8632\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8632\" style=\"width: 1280px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8632\" src=\"http:\/\/ecm.eng.auburn.edu\/wp\/emag\/files\/2022\/05\/CarWrappedAroundTreeBauregardAL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1280\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ecm.eng.auburn.edu\/wp\/emag\/files\/2022\/05\/CarWrappedAroundTreeBauregardAL.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/ecm.eng.auburn.edu\/wp\/emag\/files\/2022\/05\/CarWrappedAroundTreeBauregardAL-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8632\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Beauregard \u2014 March 3, 2019.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h3 class=\"p4\"><span class=\"s2\"><b>Close to Home<\/b><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">It was the morning of March 3, 2019. It was easy for Roueche to be one of the first engineers on the scene, along with associate professor Robbie Barnes, his colleague in Auburn\u2019s Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering. Beauregard was just 10 minutes from his home in Opelika. Roueche had been hunkering down with family like the rest of Lee County, watching the news, watching Twitter, tracking the storm on his phone with a specialized app. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">\u201cWhen I saw a debris field with debris 20,000 feet in the air, I knew, yeah, this was bad,\u201d Roueche said. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">The development of the debris field is when the comparisons started. Josh Johnson, chief meteorologist for WSFA, was as emphatic as he could be without shouting. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">\u201cI haven\u2019t seen a debris signature like this since April 27, 2011,\u201d Johnson said. \u201cIf you are in Beauregard, take cover now.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">Roueche can still see the trees. Some had furniture in the branches that were still in place. Some were snapped in half. Some had mobile homes wrapped around them. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">The mile-wide, EF-4 tornado was on the ground for more than half an hour. It took the lives of 20 adults and three children. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">Roueche is convinced it shouldn\u2019t have.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-8636\" src=\"http:\/\/ecm.eng.auburn.edu\/wp\/emag\/files\/2022\/05\/DSC_0633-2400x1600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1090\" height=\"727\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ecm.eng.auburn.edu\/wp\/emag\/files\/2022\/05\/DSC_0633-2400x1600.jpg 2400w, https:\/\/ecm.eng.auburn.edu\/wp\/emag\/files\/2022\/05\/DSC_0633-1800x1200.jpg 1800w, https:\/\/ecm.eng.auburn.edu\/wp\/emag\/files\/2022\/05\/DSC_0633-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/ecm.eng.auburn.edu\/wp\/emag\/files\/2022\/05\/DSC_0633-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/ecm.eng.auburn.edu\/wp\/emag\/files\/2022\/05\/DSC_0633-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/ecm.eng.auburn.edu\/wp\/emag\/files\/2022\/05\/DSC_0633-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/ecm.eng.auburn.edu\/wp\/emag\/files\/2022\/05\/DSC_0633-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/ecm.eng.auburn.edu\/wp\/emag\/files\/2022\/05\/DSC_0633-75x50.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1090px) 100vw, 1090px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">\u201cWe\u2019ll see catastrophic damage from a tornado and everyone will assume, well, it\u2019s an EF4, it\u2019s an EF5, it\u2019s a super-strong act of God, nothing could have been done,\u201d he said. \u201cBut we eliminate the fact that we could be building better. When you start applying engineering principles to it, and start forensically looking at it, it comes down to understanding that the goal isn\u2019t to prevent all damage. That\u2019s not practical. That\u2019s not going to happen, especially in areas that need affordable housing. But what we can do is anchor structures in the ground better than what we\u2019re doing now. I\u2019ve investigated where fatalities occurred and I\u2019ve talked with numerous survivors, and a lot of injuries and fatalities come from when the entire home gets lofted. That\u2019s when things go bad very quickly. That\u2019s what we have to prevent. That\u2019s why we need a better, more accurate characterization of wind behavior to know what loads we need to be resisting.\u201d <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">So\u2026 lights, camera, reconstruction. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">\u201cFor this new project, we\u2019ll be simulating the debris motion in a controlled environment. We\u2019ll know what the wind speed is, we\u2019ll know what the turbulence is, we\u2019ll know the vertical components of the wind, exactly what debris is flying through the air. We know all those characteristics that we need to ask &#8230; \u2018how did the debris actually travel?\u2019 and \u2018what do our debris flight trajectory models, our numerical models say should happen?\u2019\u201d Roueche said. \u201cThat way we can better calibrate the models to a laboratory environment and then put all those pieces together. So, if we see some sort of unclassified flying debris in the field, we can extract type of debris and the trajectories of the debris motion using AI and then use these better, more validated models to infer wind speeds from the trajectory of the debris.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">Would a flying cow count as unstructured debris?<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"tenor-gif-embed\" data-postid=\"17038107\" data-share-method=\"host\" data-aspect-ratio=\"1.77778\" data-width=\"100%\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tenor.com\/view\/twister-movie-helen-hunt-bil-paxton-cow-gif-17038107\">Twister Movie GIF<\/a>from <a href=\"https:\/\/tenor.com\/search\/twister-gifs\">Twister GIFs<\/a><\/div>\n<p><script type=\"text\/javascript\" async src=\"https:\/\/tenor.com\/embed.js\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">He smiles.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\"><span class=\"s2\">\u201cOK,\u201d he said. \u201cMaybe I should finally just sit down and watch it so I don\u2019t have to turn in my tornado researcher card.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Auburn structural engineering prof. David Roueche talks NSF AI tornado debris tracking project\" width=\"700\" height=\"394\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/cIwS1EHl8II?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"#GINNing Podcast, Mr. Twister\" src=\"https:\/\/www.buzzsprout.com\/267871\/1003904-mr-twister?client_source=small_player&amp;iframe=true\" width=\"100%\" height=\"200\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Associate civil and environmental engineering professor David Roueche is using AI to save lives one crowd-sourced tornado video at a time.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":49,"featured_media":8907,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[4],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Mr. Twister &raquo; 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